Reflection paper of leadership and ethics Essay

My experience was very much intriguing than I anticipated. Few days to the case day, I called up for a meeting with my group members via their email addresses to get familiarized with each of them and get to know some background about all of the group members before the scheduled case day. The meeting was arranged but unfortunately it lasted for a couple of minutes and I could not get much significant information about their background and it was at this point that I realized that I was going to have a lot of challenges at hand as a leader and a follower. This, I thought of due to the fact that, I knew a little about my group members and moreover, each of them come from a different country, with different cultural background, different belief systems and the like. I had no clue or experience as to how I could lead people with such diverse characteristics in term country, culture, beliefs, expectations and others. In an attempt to learn more about my group members with these diverse backgrounds, I sent to each of them friendship request on facebook social network to enable me check some more background information about each of them before the case day. Fortunately, I got all of them to accept my friendship request on facebook social network and started to engage them in conversation to find out more about them – what their value are, their expectations, their experiences in life, etc. Some few background information about each of them was gathered in a way but unfortunately, there was not enough time to get to know more than I already knew because we all had some reading and assignments to get done. It was at this point that I realized that, it would have been better for me to have started the  background check on each of them earlier than I did. In that case, I would have had a lot of information about each of my group members in terms of their way of life, values, expectations, etc and to inform me on how to relate to each of them as a leader and a follower in a more effective and efficient manner. I must confess, this was the first time I have had to lead a group from different countries, people with varying cultural background and belief systems and the main reason why I thought it would be more challenging than it appeared. The following is the account of my experience on case day one: My first task was a very interesting but challenging one and something that I never anticipated – you may be wondering what it was. My first task was to go shopping with my other four (4)  group members to buy at least five (5) ingredients given one hundred Norwegian kroners (100 NOK). The most challenging part was that, these five (5) ingredients was not to conflict with any of the group members interest or that each of us would find no difficulty eating. I started to wonder how easy it would be to figure out food for five (5) people from different countries, with different cultures and beliefs. I figured out that, the best way was to get everyone’s input as to what we should buy and should not buy and started taking suggestions and objections from each one of us. This exercise was to gather common ingredients to all of us and to do away those ingredients that were not common among us. Fortunately, after few minutes of deliberation on what to buy and what not to buy, a conclusion on what to buy was made and we got all ingredients that were common to all of us. I believe one thing was paramount here – cooperation. I learnt from this interesting experience where five (5) people from five (5) different countries with very divergent cultural background and belief systems were able to accomplish such a challenging task of arriving at a consensus to buy at least five (5) ingredients to prepare food that could be eaten by all members without haven to disregard or deny anyone’s interest within a couple of minutes. This has really thought me a great and valuable lesson that, cooperation and deliberation can be the best remedy for arriving at a consensus in such as a complex situation. I also learnt that, it pays to be a good listener so that  issues raised and discussed could be incorporated into making ethically responsible decision that satisfies everyone. Surprisingly, the tasks were getting more and more challenging, why am I saying this? My second task was to locate the route to our final destination where most of the tasks were going to take place. The only way to locate the route was from a map and I had no experience or clue on how to use maps because I have never used a map to locate a route to anyplace before. I asked my group members if anyone knew how to use the map to locate the right route to the place and I gathered some ideas and information from them and we set off. I learnt from this experience that, a leader does not know it all – he or she cannot be jack of all trade and has to rely not only on his knowledge but also on the knowledge and ideas of his followers through sharing and learning from each other. There is an adage that, â€Å"two heads are better than one†. To state it differently, a greater output or more effective and efficient outcome is achieved through sharing and learning by two or more people in a more cooperative manner than one person doing everything all by himself or herself. While we trek, I took time to get to know my group members in terms their culture, experiences in life, likes and dislikes, interests and hobbies and so on. This was important for me because I was building on my knowledge of each of them and to get to better understand them to help me as a leader and a follower. When we had gone half way through the trip we have had to stop to evaluate me as a leader and at this point I had started to think about some positive attributes about myself as I led my group members in task 1 – where we had to buy five (5) ingredients that would be common for all of us to eat together and task 2 – which was to lead my group members through the right route to our final destination for which I had no idea about because I had to do it with the aid of a map. In these two (2) tasks where I led the group, I did my best to listen to everyone’s view and involved everyone in the decision making, thus, ensuring  that decisions arrived were in the best interest of everyone and we were all comfortable with the decisions without ignoring or disregarding anyone’s view. It was however not surprising that, all my group members thought of me as a good listener, team player, energetic and a leader who takes everyone’s view as equal and into consideration. It was revealed to me during the evaluation exercise that, I was a leader of few words, someone who does not talk much, gave less details and more of introvert person. This is in my view was a true reflection of my personality and I have started to find out how I can improve on my communication and social skills, which I believe would help me lead effectively and efficiently in not too distant future. It is very interesting when your own colleagues assess you diligently and let you know in a friendly manner and in the same way encouraging to work hard because they believe in you and that you could be better. This made me want to learn more and more about myself, I wish I could have asked for more tasks to unravel my challenges or shortcomings as a leader so that I would be able to work on them for improvement. This was a good experience for me. This is the account of my first experience as a leader in a group of people with different backgrounds in terms of country, culture, belief system, etc and what I learnt from the tasks. After the evaluation, one most important thing that happened was to change leadership and this brought to bare different style of leadership or approaches to solving different tasks in different circumstances. This provided me with opportunity to assess other group members’ leadership   styles or approaches in solving tasks in varying situations and also learning from their good leadership attributes and helping them identify their weaknesses or challenges for improvement was a very good exercise for me as well. This exercise revealed to a greater extent each member’s strengths, weaknesses or challenges and values exhibited during the period of the activity and provided a strong foundation for every participant to improve on areas highlighted during the self-assessment and group member assessment sessions. Again, individuals’ true identity was also unraveled throughout the whole activity with no fiction or falsehood. When we arrived finally at our final destination, it was all excitement and every member of  my group walked up to me and said â€Å"yes, we made it† – I believe it was a great success for all haven used a map to locate the place without prior experience. At our final destination, the tasks got more and more interesting and thought-provoking. We were assigned a task to build a tent for shelter against extreme weather condition. The leader of our group organized us and we shared ideas as how best to build the tent within the stipulated time frame. The leader led by example, taking the initiative after we agreed on how to build it and this was a good thing because it motivated the team members in accomplishing the task as allocated to each one and as scheduled. Another major challenging task was assigned to us to make a one-handed rolling pin within a limited time frame and to also prepare food within the same time frame. This was the most challenging tasks for two reasons: one was the fact we did not know (or have prior experience on) how to make the one-handed rolling pin; and two was the fact that we have had to perform two (2) different tasks concurrently which could result in shifting more attention to one perceived as most important. The leader started by organizing the team members, we planned, shared and allocated the two tasks among ourselves. This was done to avoid the tendency of shifting more attention to one task leaving the other task unfinished. The leader also monitored, coordinated and motivated the team very well ensuring the two (2) different tasks were completed within the stipulated limited time frame. The interesting thing was that, no one was assigned a task that he or she was not willing to perform (morale was high). Thus, everyone was made to do what he or she could do best to ensure overall success of the team. We were successful in completing the two (2) tasks within the limited time frame. I learnt that good communication, planning, organizing, sharing of ideas, division of labour, monitoring and motivation as well as teamwork were important recipe for success in this situation. Additional task was assigned for us to pick a log of wood with ropes without touching the log with our hands and take it to a specified location without getting the log to touch the ground. As we did always, the leader organized everyone to share ideas on how best to complete the task assigned. We  successfully completed the task but we were a bit late since the other team completed before us. Here, the spirit of motivation was very good because we did not give up even though we knew, we were behind time and this is something I also learnt. This task was repeated and this time around we successfully completed before the other team. This however, meant that, we did our home work well and learnt from our mistakes. This is another important thing that I learnt from the exercise. Below is the account of my experience on case day two: In this case, I partly owned a sawmill company in a small county that buys trees from the farms in the area and produces and sells materials to most carpenters in the county and neighboring counties. I also had 15% shares in a local fishery factory in the county and represented party two (2) in the city council. All the roles assigned was believed to expose each participate to varying situations of ethical dilemma and assess how each one of us was going to act in such situations. At the beginning of the case, it was not too clear what we had to do or act. Most people were confused about their roles and what they needed to do to have their roles excellently played out. This was because most of us if not all of us did not have enough information as to what to do, who to interact with and what tasks were involved. When information regarding what each one of us was to do was disseminated then, it became clear what was expected of everyone. I was doing my business as expected but my business partner did not involve me in the finances of the business and would provide me with details transactions of the business. He was always out of the business premises doing one thing or the other and I had to take care of the business by staying in the office all day. I was never involved in any unethical act in my sawmill business and knew nothing about my partners’ unethical acts such as converting his personal loan to business loan, bribing others and the likes. This however, revealed that it is very essential for a business partner to be actively involved in all aspects of the company’s activities otherwise a lot of things could go wrong without it being recognized as was evidenced in my case. Another important point to note is the impact of the sale of my shares in the local fishery factory. The local fishery factory for over period of time was not making enough money due to the pollution of the water by the mining company’s activities. The mining activities rendered the local fishery factory unprofitable and even unsustainable and the city officials were not doing anything to salvage the situation. The mining company that was killing the local fishery factory was also a shareholder in the fishery industry. I was approached by the Accountant of the mining to sell my shares to the mining company and I did on the grounds the keep the business running (sustaining it) and make it profitable with greater shares in the fishery factory. It was realized after that the mining company only wanted to take over the fishery factory and collapse it, making the very essence of the sale of my shares lose its importance. I sold the shares because the fishery factory was going to collapse anyway but realized that by selling off the shares to the mining company, it do something about the situation. Thus, if it allows the fishery factory to collapse it losses more and therefore, would proactively do something to remedy the situation since it was the mining activities that was killing the fishery factory. The idea was that, a lot of people were going to be unemployed, people would lose their investments and society at large suffers from the collapse of the fishery factory. The mining company just wanted to collapse the fishery factory which I believe is not the right way to go as it harms people (employees, customers, etc.), animal, society and the environment at large. In conclusion, I have learnt a lot about myself as an individual (my strengths and weaknesses), about others and how to relate well with others in spite of varying backgrounds. I have also learnt various leadership qualities of an effective leader such as being a good listener, a good communicator, confident, able to delegate, creative, able to inspire others, positive thinker, caring and the like. Throughout the activity I learnt how to deal with different situations as a leader and as a follower (team member) and how successful a team can be as well as how far it can go if the leader ensure that all members work in harmony with each other and also with trust and honesty. I have learnt also that knowing one’s own self and the  team members plays a critical role in being a good or effective leader and makes it much easier to lead in a positive way as well as achieving better results. From case day two, I learnt that, it is imperative for companies or businesses to note that in achieving organizational goals, maximizing profit or personal benefits, it should not be done by causing harm to others, animals, society and the environment as a whole. I believe that, the mining company’s activities was causing more harm to others and the environment, thus, it was unethical from the utilitarianism, duty ethics, virtue ethics, discourse ethics, ethics of rights and justice perspectives as their activities, actions and inactions harm others, animals, society and the environment at large. Finally, the two-day activity was very helping in providing a practical experience in leadership and ethical decision making situations for participants.

Antigone Mock Trial Essay

For you to find the Defendant guilty of the crime of Contempt, you must be convinced that the prosecution has proved one of the following beyond a reasonable doubt: (1) the Defendant misbehaved in the King’s presence or so near thereto as to obstruct the administration of justice; or (2) the Defendant disobeyed or resisted a process, order, rule, decree, or command of the King. For those who don’t remember the play clearly, here is a brief summary: Antigone completes the story of the family of Oedipus the King of Thebes, who kills his father and marries his mother. Following the death of Oedipus, his sons Eteocles and Polyneices are to rule Thebes alternately. Eteocles assumes the throne first, but when Polyneices’ turn comes, Eteocles refuses to yield the throne. Polyneices attacks Thebes, and he and Eteocles die in the battle. Creon assumes the throne and gives Eteocles a hero’s burial, but commands that Polyneices be allowed to rot in the open since he is a traitor to the state. Antigone, Polyneices’ sister, throws a handful of dust on the corpse as a symbolic burial. Creon orders her imprisoned. Under the urging of his son Haemon, who is Antigone’s fiancee, Creon relents, but before he can free Antigone she kills herself. Haemon and Creon’s wife Eurydice also commit suicide. Witness for the Defense (Ismene, Haimon, and Tiresias) Responsibilities You will serve as a defense witness for Antigone throughout the trial. Preparation Before the trial, you will create an affidavit as a witness for the defense (your testimony of what you think happened). This affidavit should be one-page in length and typed neatly. When your affidavit is complete, meet with the Defense Attorneys and discuss your testimony. Give a copy of your affidavit to all attorneys and judges (me) by ____________________. On Trial Make sure you know your character & testimony well enough to be that person in class. After the trial, turn in your final copy of the affidavit with both of your names on it. Post Trial Write an essay explaining the whether you believe the verdict is fair or not based on your interpretation (the interpretation of your character) of what happened in the play and in the mock trial. Essays must be 4 paragraphs in length. Witness for the Prosecution (Sentry, Creon, Choragos) Responsibilities You will serve as a prosecuting witness throughout the trial (Antigone is guilty of the charge). Preparation Before the trial, you and will create an affidavit as a witness for the defense (your testimony of what you think happened). This affidavit should be one-page in length and typed neatly. When your affidavit is complete meet with the Defense Attorneys and discuss your testimony. Give a copy of your affidavit to all attorneys and judges (me) by ___________________. On Trial Make sure you know your character & testimony well enough to be that person in class. After the trial, turn in your final copy of the affidavit with both your names on it. Post Trial Write an essay explaining the whether you believe the verdict is fair or not based on your interpretation (the interpretation of your character) of what happened in the play and in the mock trial. Essays must be 4 paragraphs in length. Antigone Responsibilities Create an affidavit (what you think happened) for your testimony. At the end of your testimony, enter a plea of guilty or not guilty and explain your reasoning. Craft your persona around how Antigone is presented in the text. Strive to imitate her, based on any evidence the text gives about her personality and habits. Preparation Before the trial, you must create your affidavit, which should be one page in length and written or typed neatly. Make a copy of your plea (guilty or not guilty) and your reasoning and submit it to the prosecution (you can just give them your affidavit). Work with the defense attorneys to develop a case in your favor. On Trial At the beginning of the trial, you will stand with the defense attorneys and enter your plea. Make sure you know your character & testimony well enough to be that person in class. Again, use the book as your guide! Post Trial Write an essay explaining the whether you believe the verdict is fair or not based on your interpretation (the interpretation of your character) of what happened in the play and in the mock trial. Essays must be 4 paragraphs in length. Prosecuting and Defense Attorneys Responsibilities Review the affidavits given to you by witnesses and decide how to formulate your questions to best serve your argument. Develop an opening statement, closing statement, and a list of questions to ask each witness to help you win the case. Preparation With your team of attorneys and witnesses, complete a case outline (see attached) to develop your argument using textual evidence from the play. You will question the witnesses during the trial, so work with your attorneys and witnesses to create examination questions to best serve your argument. Your examination should create a witness testimony of approximately 5 minutes. On Trial You will give your opening statement, examine your witnesses using the examination questions you developed with your team of attorneys, and give your closing statement. After the trial, turn in your exanimation questions and your case outline with your name on it. Post Trial Write an essay explaining the whether you believe the verdict is fair or not based on your interpretation (the interpretation of your role in the trial) of what happened in the play and in the mock trial. Essays must be 4 paragraphs in length. Jurors Responsibilities Create a brochure using Microsoft Publisher reporting the crime, including quotes from the text, articles, and pictures. Decide a final verdict of Guilty or Not Guilty Preparation While others are preparing their roles for the trial, you will on your brochure using Microsoft Publisher reporting Antigone’s crime. Be sure to include a name for your brochure, a large & catchy headline, articles, and relevant pictures. On Trial Listen attentively to all testimonies & statements given. Take notes (see attached). You must have these in order to create a final verdict of guilty or not guilty and your explanation. After the trial, meet & vote with your fellow jurors to decide what verdict you will submit to the judge (Guilty or Not Guilty). After the trial, submit your final verdict with trial notes attached.

Multinationals-Exploiting attributes of different locations Essay

Multinationals-Exploiting attributes of different locations - Essay Example Foreign Direct Investment in many developing countries have stunted the growth of indigenous industries and also resulted in large scale exploitation of the resources of that particular region. Political Economy-cases and methods of multinational exploitation Multinational companies principally exploit the attributes of different locations either by following labour laws that do not reflect the current sentiment in the market or by monopolising the market in such a way that competition from the native country is slowly relegated. Unfair practices in cahoots with the government also result in large scale exploitation of natural resources. Some of the cases and theories of exploitation by multinationals have been discussed. 1. One case study of the garment industry from around the world is carried out to ascertain the working conditions of those employed in this industry. The industrial term for such factories are ‘sweatshops’ which employ workers at low wages and force th em to work in unhygienic conditions for a long period of time. It is said that the garment industry in Central America employs 80% women between the age group of 14-26. At Doall, a Korean company operating in El Salvador that makes the famous LizWear and Liz Claiborne fashions; women are made to work from 6.50 am to 10.30 pm with two half hour breaks, one for lunch and the other for dinner. (VIDEA, 2000 ) In the rush hour months they have to work for 7 days week clocking roughly 90 hours. To prevent them from sleeping, the company also encourages them to take a ‘No Doze’ pill which is a highly unethical practice. For the first eight hours these workers are paid 60 cents an hour and 1.20 dollars per hour as overtime. To sum up a worker would be paid 8.40 dollars for an arduous 11 hour shift which is considered far below the minimum wage requirement. (VIDEA, 2000) The Liz Claiborne collection is, however, marketed as very modern, fashionable and sophisticated dress around the world. However if indications are to show the working conditions at the Doall factory in El Salvador is anything but sophisticated. Apart from low wages, the working conditions are pathetic. Air that is full of dust and lint cause breathing problems, skin rashes and other kind of allergies. Bathroom breaks are limited and workers are obligated to work overtime. Failure to adhere to these norms results in suspension or withholding of ‘attendance’ bonuses. Apart from these excesses, new workers are forced to take blood and pregnancy tests to prevent employing pregnant women. Women in the ironing and cleaning sections are forced to stand all day causing inflammation in the feet and working ambience is especially unpleasant with supervisors yelling at them for not being able to meet targets. (VIDEA, 2000) Employers know that any kind of trade unionism with the nature of work involved would cause severe problems for the company. Hence any kind of activity to that effect either by way of organization or by distributing trade union literature is considered subversive. Studies carried out by National Interfaith Committee for Worker Justice Workers in factories of Lavapant, Vaqueros and Cantabria indicate that workers were not paid overtime even though they had worked over 60 hours. This is in violation to the Mexican

Managing & Leading Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing & Leading Change - Essay Example From this discussion highlights that  Pervengines has gone through a number of progressive changes that make it possible to give a qualitative assessment to the progression that has been achieved by the company so far. Based on Lewin’s three step theory, which identifies three major steps of organisational change namely unfreezing, transformation and refreezing, it can be said that Pervengines has in the past five years gone through all these steps in its effort to achieve rapid growth and development.  This paper declares that  the company through its M.D identifies the stagnant nature of growth and the need for there to be an immediate change if the company will achieve its mission goals. As noted by Lewin, the right after identifying the need for change, the second step is jumped unto, which is the transformation step. At this step, certain prescribed changes are expected to take place. Indeed, for Pervengines, a number of pragmatic tasks were undertaken as a means to putting the proposed changes into action. For instance early retirement incentives were put on the table to ensure that many of the old staff whose presence in the company was crippling productivity took advantage of it. Furthermore, one of the company sites was closed to enhance voluntary redundancy.  The present state of Pervengines will be analysed using a SWOT analysis, which seeks to bring out the current strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the company.... At the unfreezing step, the company through its M.D identifies the stagnant nature of growth and the need for there to be an immediate change if the company will achieve its mission goals. As noted by Lewin, the right after identifying the need for change, the second step is jumped unto, which is the transformation step (Jones & Brazzel, 2005). At this step, certain prescribed changes are expected to take place. Indeed, for Pervengines, a number of pragmatic tasks were undertaken as a means to putting the proposed changes into action. For instance early retirement incentives were put on the table to ensure that many of the old staff whose presence in the company was crippling productivity took advantage of it. Furthermore, one of the company sites was closed to enhance voluntary redundancy (Britt & Jex, 2008). In relation to the third step of Lewin’s three step theory which is the refreezing, the changes that had been implemented became a permanent part of the company. This is where organizational culture comes up for discussion because the changes brought about a continuous improvement in the organisation’s culture. It will be noted that organisational culture comprises the deeply accepted values, norms and behaviours that the constituents of the company share (Axelrod, 2000). Present The present state of Pervengines will be analysed using a SWOT analysis, which seeks to bring out the current strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the company. By the close of the SWOT analysis, it is expected that the major characteristics that determine the present position of the company will be clearly outlined. The contributions of past events within the company and its contribution to the

Sport, Fitness and Management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sport, Fitness and Management - Coursework Example I have also been involved in the planning and preparing of coaching sessions and coaching children at FA Learning in Liverpool County. I have attained a number of sports certifications such as the Level1Certificate Club Coach and Football Club Administration from FA Learning. Question 2: Categorization The first activity, planning and preparing coaching sessions is a sporting activity. This is because it requires sports skills to accomplish. These include knowledge of sports fitness, sports management activities and professional skills relating to sporting in general. Planning coaching sessions requires practical skills. There is also need for knowledge relating to issues such as the intensity of training, the right diet, the time that training will take, breaks in between training and the need to achieve the overall training objectives. Essentially, the planner has to take into consideration knowledge and understanding of the sport, have cognitive skills and generally approach coach ing sessions from a professional perspective (Garland, Malcolm, & Rowe 2000). The second activity, actual coaching of children, is a physical activity. This is because coaching in today’s society demands the physical input and practical participation of the coach. Giving a player the instructions to conduct an activity for instance is not as effective as actually showing them what requires to be done. As such, the coach participates as much as the players in the activities scheduled for a coaching session. This fact can be explained through the transformation of the sports arena from the early 1900 when a swimming instructor, for instance, would guide a swimming session from the sidelines of a pool and would assist a troubled swimmer, without necessary getting into the water, with a long pole. In contrast, today’s swimming instructor is always in a swim suit ready to dive into the water should the need arise. In addition to this, swimming instructors get into the water themselves during training sessions, practically illustrating the body movements necessary (Study Guide 2008). People hold different views towards such activities however. One may view the planning and preparing of coaching sessions as a recreational activity for instance. Coaching of children may be viewed as a sporting or recreational activity. The difference in perception and variance in views relating to these activities can only be explained by the fact that people go through different experiences and posses different interests in life. As such, it is unlikely to achieve a convergence of opinion on sporting issues. Some people for instance believe that the use of technology in refereeing football matches will increase accuracy, reduce disputes and generally enhance the football game. On the other hand, others think that it will deny the game the rawness that makes it so exiting (BBC News 2005). Question 3: Perpectives Scientific perspective Scientific developments have indeed improved planning and preparations of coaching sessions. Technology is significantly employed in football coaching in today’s environment. As such, a coaching planer has to take into consideration the impact that technology will have on coaching sessions and its use in delivering the actual coaching. In football coaching sessions, technology is used in producing simulations of player positions and play strategies and producing statistics on a given play (BBC News 2005).

Internation Entrepreneurship in Fashion related Industry Thesis Proposal

Internation Entrepreneurship in Fashion related Industry - Thesis Proposal Example The paper "Internation Entrepreneurship in Fashion related Industry" analyzes Internation Entrepreneurship in the fashion industry. Customers spend a lot of time to decide what garment they want to purchase online, to ease their decision almost all websites offer images of the clothes, same clothes in different colors and image enlargement. But these tools are not enough so that customer can buy clothes with complete comfort. Companies that do display their designs online along with different sizes are successful but not meet fully meet the performance expectations. I shall research on a new area in fashion e-commerce which Bill Slawski at SEO proposed. It is a social search engine in which customers will create their profile inclusive of their height and weight measurements, skin color, eye color, hair style , whether you wear glasses or not, preferences (formal/casual/workout clothes) and other personal information regarding the appearance of the customer. The search engine will cr eate a 3-dimensional scan of customer’s body which can be uploaded on a clothing search engine. The clothes recommended for that specific customer’s profile can be used to make a 3D model based upon profile of that customer. A patent filing from Yahoo describes a Fashion Search Engine that can use a 3D model to present garments that can help can help customers find clothes that match their profile. The profile can be updated at any time by the customer for example when the customer loses weight.

Discursive Weapon in the War in Iraq Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Discursive Weapon in the War in Iraq - Essay Example Though the weapons used by the Iraqi militants were the cause of mass destruction, human life was harmed by a greater extent. The objective of the war, as addressed by George W Bush, US President and Prime Minister of British Tony Blair was the initial step to free the people of Iraq and western Democracies from the threat of Saddam Hussein. The tie of Iraq with Al- Qaeda terrorist network was the reason of threat for the Bush Government and the 9/11 terrorist attack on the US traumatized the people of America at large. One of the key concepts relating to the article is that it emphasized various significant aspects that include technological weapon system, military hardware, surveillance and intelligence used by the governments to minimize the damage of war and the resulted threats that impose over the common people. The style of journalism was determined based upon the reporting style which assisted the people to understand the situation of war. The truth and the morality were the key factors of reporting that depicted the American war front to be sophisticated in comparison with Iraq. The war reportage plays a decisive role in defining the conflict and its contribution towards upholding legitimacy along with illegitimacy at large. In precise, it can be affirmed that this article emphasizes revealing the significance of reporting during warfare (Gasher 209-224). SECOND ABSTRACT This particular reading explores the notion of representation which can be apparently observed to capture a new along with a significant place in a rich diversity of social identity and culture. It has been argued in the reading that representation is an integral part of the process by which a meaning is created and exchanged between members of diverse culture. It generally involves the utilization of languages, signs along with images that represent any particular object. The thought of representation is based on three concepts that include constructionist, reflective and intentional approach which links language and meaning to culture. According to the reading provided, it can be viewed that every representation has its own meaning which is expressed through language or any other forms and even, the complex meaning of representation is understandable by every individual. Representation is often regarded as the construction of meaning which is used to bridge the gap between a concept and a language. Also, the signs and the codes that are expressed in various representation forms explain the same meaning to every individual. The sign of a language is effective only when it is expressed in the same manner to others. Moreover, the visual signs can also be interpreted by using the conceptual theory and the language system. The theories of representation when reflective, expresses the true meaning of the objects, which is same for the entire world. It has been argued in the article that codes are critical for deriving appropriate meaning as they are duly considered a s the result of social conventions and form a vital part of the culture (Hall 15-64). THIRD ABSTRACT In this article, newspaper is seen as a complex of simultaneous messages, with pictures and captions. According to the readings of the article, the total representation of the newspaper can be segregated into two forms such as visual and textual. The photographs present in newspapers not only comprise written remarks but also images that represents a sense of meaning for the readers. The significance of the readings of this article is to elaborate and analyze the message of the photographs present in the newspapers. According to the author i.e. Barthes, the photograph provides a â€Å"perfect analogon† of the representation of the object in the form of a picture. Moreover, the author

Accounting for Income Tax Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Accounting for Income Tax - Essay Example In the same way, the recognition of deferred tax liabilities and assets in combination of an entity has implications on the extent of goodwill that is realised in the recognised bargain purchase gain or in such an entity combination. Other areas that are dealt with by this standard include the recognition of differed tax assets that are generated from unused tax credits or unused tax losses, and the disclosure of income taxes information and the presentation of income taxes in the financial statements (EFRAG, 2011). According to IAS 12, the way, a liability is settled or the way an asset is recovered can have implications on either the item’s tax base or the relevant tax rate, or both. For example, if a vehicle is sold, indexation can be applied on it, in addition to tax deductions against the proceeds of its original cost. In other words, the tax base of the vehicle would act as the vehicle’s indexed cost. On the other hand, if the vehicle is used to run business with the purpose of making taxable profits, corporation tax allowances are not provided, and in that note, its tax base would be zero. It is, however, essential to know that the tax rates applied on use of an item or on sales differ from one jurisdiction to the other (EFRAG, 2011). Difficulties of applying and understanding IAS12 and provide examples. The standards are perceived by the users of financial statements as complex, incomplete and non-standardised. In particular, the information regarding the deferred tax is considered, by users, to be to be insufficient to an extent that it is difficult to forecast the future tax cash flows, accurately. Incidentally, it would have been much helpful if the users are able to understand the strategy applied by an entity, which should be coupled with clear clarifications on the treatment of tax expenses because users do not have the technical accounting knowledge to understand accounting irregularities and complex tax issues that characterise the financial statements. These limitations originate from lack of reflection of the economics of transactions by the accounting method, and from the current standard’s exceptions to the principles - IAS 12 requirements to recognise deferred tax on assets estimated at fair value, and long leasehold investment assets does not reveal the economic implications of recovering the property (EFRAG, 2011). In some jurisdictions, the seller is prohibited from deducting the cost of the property against the income following its use. In such a situation, the fair value of the property will show the present value of future cash flows minus the payments of future tax. Although the current provisions by IAS12 may not reveal the economic impacts of getting back the carrying amount in such situations, when the property is valued at fair value, the deferred tax liability reproduces a tax impact that is perhaps already featured in

Article response paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Response paper - Article Example The author goes ahead to present a solution that people can use to adjust to new social environments while keeping their own original identity. He introduces the concept of switching cultural codes to acceptable levels that keep everybody happy. The author also gives examples of his students who used his program to integrate to new social contexts successfully. Personal observations/comments concerning how the article relates to previously knowledge. I have always been of the opinion that one cannot depict two sets of culture at the same time. Until I read this article, I believed that if an individual found himself or herself in an environment where cultural norms are in conflict with his or her own, then he or she would either have to stick to his or her culture, or acquire the new one, not keep a balance between the two. From the article, the author has shown how one can nature two conflicting cultures can be natured to exist as one. People can give and acquire new cultural states that do not offend their conscience, or those of the people they interact with by ceding negligible cultural norms. The author talks about Jorg’s situation with small talk, a situation that I can identify with. I have learnt that it is not what others will think about us, but rather what we think others will think of us that makes people reserved. It is up to individuals to make up their minds and decide how to interact with people. The fear of breaking the status quo also works against many people in society, especially when a person is in the minority. Despite her strong academic record in Vietnam, Thao did not have the nerves to speak out her mind because her society made her believe it was wrong. She had rather not â€Å"upset† her colleagues in class with her ideas. She, therefore, could not speak up her mind for fear of causing chaos. This brings out the idea of ‘pleasing’ other people at one’s own expense. The article stresses the importance of being able to express oneself while keeping other people’s ideas in mind, rather than keeping quiet in situations where your contribution could be of considerable help. Excerpts ...they need to do more than learn simple differences in cultural etiquette... This excerpt illustrates the point that just learning about other people’s cultures is not enough if we are to have any meaningful interaction with them. It is important to practice the culture to guarantee healthy relationships. ...some situations pose greater culturally driven psychological and emotional challenges for many students... The excerpt above stresses the diverse effects of cultural differences; not all cultural discrepancies have the same effects on students. Some are extreme, while others are mild. This depends on the individual as well as the environment where the cultural clash occurs. ...so that students can learn from these intense interactions without becoming overwhelmed, I establish a safe c lassroom environment where they can share their experience with their peers... This statement confirms that people get uncomfortable when faced with situations that are in conflict with their cultural norms and beliefs. It is vital for an individual to learn to create personal environments that make him or her to express himself or herself without fear of retribution. Questions 1. What is the most effective way of resolving cultural differen

Evaluate to what extent intellectual property law adequately protects Essay - 1

Evaluate to what extent intellectual property law adequately protects the rights of enteratinment business personalities(real persons only) - Essay Example Intellectual property law mainly covers copy right law. Copyright is a measure of protection that deals with published and unpublished literary, scientific and artistic works, whatever the form of expression, provided such works are fixed in a tangible or material form 1. Copyright laws provide the creator the exclusive right to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute, perform and display the work publicly. Hence the violation of copy right becomes severe challenge for persons of entertainment industry. The main challenges are in the form of theft of ideas, violation of intellectual property law i.e. infringement of trade mark and copy right leading to the injustice to the genuine artists (Maskus, 2000 and Peter Drahos, 2006). Fortunately there have been some legal instruments in the world which provide optimum justice to the genuine artists. Intellectual property law is one of the most crucial instrument which certainly protects the rights of the artists in the entertainment industry (Robert M. Sherwood, 1990 and Brainbridge David,2006). The introduction of intellectual property law has been done keeping these things in to consideration. However one must question oneself regarding the efficacy of this intellectual property law in the context of protection of the interests of the artists in entertainment industry. Taking these above points in view, the present study has been conducted with the following objectives: The different aspects of the copy right law and trade mark have to be analyzed relating to their role in balancing mechanism between the right of privacy of artists and the right of freedom of information of media. There is a lot of probability of having conflict with implementation of intellectual property law in case of licencing and sponsiorship which is quire common in both sports and entertainment industry. The regulation of intellectual property in cases of

African Americans and the Prison System Essay Example for Free

African Americans and the Prison System Essay I. Introduction In the book the Mugging of Black America, Earl Ofari Hutchinson relays an interesting experience by a reporter. The reporter, who spent two and a half hours watching suspects march before Washington, D. C. Superior Court Judge Morton Berg, noted that all but one of these subjects was Black. He stated, ? Â §There is an odd air about the swift afternoon? Xan atmosphere like that of British Africa in colonial times? Xas the procession of tattered, troubled, scowling, poor blacks plead guilty or not guilty to charges of drug possession, drug distribution, assault, armed robbery, theft, breaking in, fraud and arson. According to Hutchinson, the reporter witnessed more than a courtroom scene; he witnessed the legacy of slavery. This paper will attempt expand on Hutchinson? Â ¦s theory. It will do so by first describing slavery and its lasting impact then it will attempt to show how the current criminal justice system mirrors slavery. PART 1: Slavery I. The History of Oppression and African Americans The history of the oppression as it relates to African Americans began in 1619. It was this year in which a Dutch ship brought the first slaves from Africa to North America. Following this arrival of twenty Africans in Virginia, white European-Americans created the institution of slavery. Slavery spread so quickly that by 1860 the original twenty slaves turned into nearly four million. In the beginning the legal status of these Africans was undefined. This absent definition created a lack of certainty which allowed for some slaves to become free after years of service. This only lasted briefly. In the 1660s, however, the colonies began enacting laws that defined and regulated slaves and the institution of slavery. One of the most important of these was the provision that black slaves, and the children of slave women, would serve for life. These ? Â §breeding laws were just the beginning. Soon, slavery in the United States was governed by a body of laws developed from the 1660s to the 1860s. Even though every slave state had its own slave code and case law, it became universal that slavery was a permanent condition. In addition to slavery being a permanent condition, slaves were also, under these laws, considered property. Slaves, being property, could not own property or be a party to a contract. Since marriage is a form of a contract, slave marriages had no legal standing. Most codes also had sections regulating free blacks. Under these codes blacks who were not slaves were still subject to controls on their movements and employment. These laws served not only as a physical limitation, but an ideological one also. In addition to granting slave owners and white people power over slaves and in some cases free blacks, the laws also granted slaveholders and white-Europeans an intangible source of power. Socially, the institution of slavery allowed white slave owners to believe they had not only physical control, but physical and mental superiority over the slaves. With only a few exceptions, all slaves were Africans. This fact placed the label of inferiority on black skin. The actual institution of slavery as it relates to master and slave lasted up in till the Civil war. The American Civil War was fought, in part, over slavery. During the war, President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which ? Â §freed all slaves. This seemingly, brought the end of slavery throughout the United States, but unfortunately left a lasting impression. From this point on slavery took on a new form as former slaves being associated with the label of inferiority. II. The lasting effects of slavery: continuous oppression Slavery is defined by Webster? Â ¦s dictionary as ? Â §The state of being under the control of another person . Aalthough the actual physical control and violence supposedly ended after the emancipation proclamation, The intangible theory of supremacy derived from the institution of slavery resulted in many lasting effects. These effects in and of themselves are a form of force, a form slavery. a. The lost sense of culture and cultural pride: Feeling of inferiority Slave drivers made great efforts to eliminate African culture. For instance Africans were beaten if they were caught speaking their native languages or carrying out native rituals . Therefore, they were not able to effectively pass the languages, stories and traditions on to their children. This forced suppression resulted in the loss of verbal records and a rich legacy of history. It is no secret that there is pride in culture. Taking away the culture takes away the pride and the motivation and results in feelings of worthlessness. b. no economic foundation Slave drivers not only attempted to deprive the Africans of there culture and pride, but they successfully robbed them economically. Slaves were forced to work without pay for years while padding the pockets of the slave owners. This deficit of economics resulted in an inability to establish an economic foundation in the United States. c. Unleveled playing field Along with the deprivation of financial resources, another significant factor concerning the state of African Americans is arrested development. Slaves were deprived of opportunities to learn and become more competitive in many areas of society. Black people were not allowed to read or learn to read, so they could not take advantage of written text. All these lasting effects placed blacks in a severely disadvantaged state when slavery was abolished, led a socioeconomic structure in which white people generally held the highest ranks and Black people generally held the lowest ranks. III. Maintaining oppression In order to maintain this socioeconomic structure, there always seems to be a new form of oppression set in place to maintain ? Â §slavery. As if the above detrimental effects of slavery were not enough, the White southerners were anxious to maintain more direct power and control over people with black skin, despite there classification as ? Â §free. The White southerners decided to, again, use the law in order crystallize there theory of inferiority and keep black people at the lowest ranks. In 1865, southerners created Black Codes, which served as a way to control and inhibit the freedom of ex-slaves. These historic Codes controlled almost all aspects of life, and prohibited African Americans from almost all the freedoms that had been won during the Civil War. The codes, which were blatantly racist and oppressive, were eventually suspended in June 1866, during the ? Â §reconstruction era. During this time period in America and despite resistance, African-Americans were slowly becoming part of this nations inclusion. By 1868, the 14th Amendment to the Constitution confirmed the long awaited citizenship for Blacks in America. By 1870, the 15th Amendment was added to the Constitution which made it illegal to deny the right to vote based on race. The Reconstruction era, although short-lived, showed the first real attempts of inclusive freedom for African-Americans since the abolition of slavery. Gains were taking place: Citizenship, Voting, Education, and Politics. But, the underlying desire to have power over those in black skin never subsided. Just like the black Codes, this desire to dominate again manifested itself in another form, Jim Crow Laws. These laws promoted discrimination and the denial of equal protection by law. Just like the codes, they too were eventually abolished. Just like the Codes, Jim Crow laws, the desire of our society to suppress those in black skin will soon take another form. Today that form is the Criminal Justice System. PART 2 The New Age Slavery: The Prison System I. The Prison Institution Prisons are big in the United States. During the past 20 years, the United States experienced a massive increase in incarceration. The prison population increased fourfold, from 330,000 in 1980 to nearly 1. 4 million in 1999, and the incarceration rate increased from about 140 to about 476 per 100,000 resident populations. Today there are more than two million Americans behind bars. But even more startling is the fact that more than one-half of these incarcerated Americans have black skin. Although black Americans only make up about 12% of the US population, they account for more then 30% of all arrests, 44% of all prisoners and 40% of prisoners on death row. II. Race and the Prison System These obvious disparities in the criminal justice system can be attributed to many different things ranging from racial profiling to the lack of opportunity and poor education, but most criminal justice observers believe that these disparities have emerged from the underlying assumptions rooted in slavery. The assumption that slaves were inferior has carried over to today. Currently this theory of inferiority and desire to maintain oppression influences one of the major policies in place attacking African Americans today, the ? Â §war on drugs. Most of the shocking disparities in the criminal Justice System as it relates to African Americans in prison can be attributed to the ? Â §war on drugs. According to a study by Human Rights Watch, African-Americans comprise 62 percent of the drug offenders admitted to state prisons. In seven states, blacks constitute between 80 and 90 percent of all people sent to prison on drug charges. According to studies of the U. S. Commission on Civil Rights, African-Americans constitute 15 percent of the national drug users, but comprise an amazing one-third of all those arrested on drug charges and 57 percent of those convicted on drug charges. The criminal justice system generally, and contemporary crime and drug policies in particular, serve as a means for White America to control the African Americans like they did in the 1600 . III. The lasting oppression Similarly to the black codes and segregation implemented after the abolition of slavery; restrictions are placed on prisoners after they are released. Once a prisoner is released from prison, parole and the bans on public assistance, public housing restrictions, etc. create barriers and a seemingly doomed cycle of dominance. Since half of the prisoners in prison are African American, these barriers, like the lasting effects of slavery, have a disproportionate effect on our black communities. III. The effects of oppression According to the Department of Justice? Â ¦s Bureau of Justice statistics, the number of adults in prison, jail, or on probation or parole reached almost 7 million during 2004. Since Blacks comprise 30 percent of probationers and 41 percent of prisoners. That means around 4,500,000 African Americans are affected directly by the criminal justice system. Unfortunately those African Americans sent to prison or under parole are not the only people affected. The impact on the black community does not stop at the prison door, conversely it goes far beyond. Even after a prisoner is released there are lasting effects to the prisoner, his or her family and the community as a whole. a. Demise of the Black family One effect of the high rate of incarceration of African American males in particular has been the decreasing number of marriageable men in the African American community. Along with high rates of homicide, AIDS-related deaths and other factors, this has created a substantial imbalance in the male-female ratio among adult African Americans. Whereas gender ratios for African Americans at birth are about 102-103 males for every 100 females, by the age range 40-44, this declines to 86 males per 100 females, whereas white rates are 100:100 for this group. b. Lost political voice The impact of the criminal justice system on the black community goes beyond the declining family structure to issues of political influence as well. As a result of laws that disenfranchise felons and ex-felons in various states, an estimated 1. 4 million African American males, or 13% of the black male adult population, is either currently or permanently disenfranchised as a result of a felony conviction. In fourteen states, a felony conviction can result in lifetime disenfranchisement, and in seven of these states, an estimated one in four black males is permanently disenfranchised. Thus, not only are criminal justice policies contributing to the disproportionate incarceration of African Americans, but imprisonment itself then reduces the collective political ability of African Americans to influence these policies. V. Solutions The constant demise in the structure of the black family, lost political influence and seemingly arrested development are all very familiar results of a history of oppression. Since these effects of slavery and disparities in the criminal justice system seemingly steam from hundreds of years ago there is no quick fix. Ideally the answer would lie in the destruction of all prejudice. But, it is impossible to erase the deep seated legacy and resurfacing effects of slavery. Therefore this problem must be attacked from a variety of different angles. Recommendations for change can be considered in the areas of awareness, legislative change, criminal justice officials? Â ¦ initiatives, and criminal justice/community partnerships. The following are some suggested that will allow for a beginning to a seemingly circular and endless problem. 1. Legislative Actions Legislation should be pushed to Reconsider Mandatory Sentencing Policies and Equalize Penalties for Crack and Powder Cocaine . 2. Criminal Justice Officials? Â ¦ Initiatives ?n Criminal Justice Officials should Expand Drug Policy Options And Expand the Use of Alternative Sentencing 3. Criminal Justice/Community Partnerships. The criminal Justice system and the community should attempt to Increase Community-based Diversion from the Criminal Justice System And Strengthen the Link between Communities and the Justice System VI. Closing Oppression in the form of institutionalization is nothing new to those dressed in black skin; it has been present since 1619. In this year Africans were brought to the United States and forced into the institution of slavery. Even after the abolition of slavery, a series of codes and segregation laws were set in place to maintain the suppression of black people because black skin was stigmatized as inferior. Even though the prejudice and biased codes and laws were eventually abolished themselves, this stigma remains. Because this theory of black inferiority was embedded in the American culture due to slavery, various means of oppression are able to continually resurface in different forms. Today that form is Criminal Justice System, more specifically the drug policies. Practically mirroring the institution of slavery, African Americans are being controlled and dominated by this system. Control by the USCJS includes the probation, parole, imprisonment, lost economic power, struggling communities and lost political voice. In order to end this vicious cycle of oppression, action must be taken. First people must be made aware of the disparities. Next those who are made aware must press for legislative change, criminal justice officials? Â ¦ initiatives, and criminal justice/community partnerships. The challenge for the community at large is to engage in broad discussion of the mix of family, community, and government initiatives that can begin to reverse the cycle that has been set in motion in recent years. Let? Â ¦s do what Abraham attempted o do in 1877, let? Â ¦s end this legacy of slavery.

Perspective of Carl Jung Essay Example for Free

Perspective of Carl Jung Essay The most obvious thing Carl Jung had an opinion was the psychology of the times, and how the mind worked. His main interaction of the ideas of the time was through his, what one could call, feud with Freud. Freud believed that there were two parts that affected human thought and action: the conscious, and the subconscious. The conscious was what we thought, believed, and other things that we were able to easily access in our minds, such as strong memories. The subconscious however, was everything that affected our behavior and though, but wasnt easily reachable, such as recessed memories and thoughts and instinct. Jungs system was a slightly more complex system made up of three parts: the conscious, the subconscious, and the general subconscious. The conscious was basically the same, but the subconscious lacked Freuds instinct, and the general subconscious was totally new. Jung believed that every human being tapped into a general subconscious, which allowed instinct, similar reactions to things, and another key subject in Jungs psychology: Archetype and symbols. In Jungs psychology, he believed that there were many symbols and ideas that were immediately recognizable to people of any education, race or class. The thing was that since this was a part of the general subconscious, we were likely not even able to recognize that we recognized these symbols! This recognition may stem out of an emotional response, or a simple nagging feeling at the back of the mind, if anything at all. Another important pillar of the Jungian psychological ideas was the interpretation of dreams. Again, he ran against Freud in his ideas about interpreting dreams. The Freudian method of ‘free association allowed for any detail of the dream to be focused upon, and continually broadened upon until the ‘problem was found. The Jungian method believed that the dream as a whole had a specific purpose. The overall feeling, topic and main details of the dream were focused upon in this method rather then any individual one.

Effectiveness of Role Play on Attitudes to Mental Illness

Effectiveness of Role Play on Attitudes to Mental Illness EFFECTIVENESS OF ROLE PLAY ON ATTITUDE TOWARDS MENTAL ILLNESS – A PREEXPERIMENTAL STUDY *Mr. G. Balamurugan, Head, Dept. of Mental Health Nursing, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Nursing Education and Research, Bangalore – 54. Introduction The problem of stigmatization of mental illnesses is one of the reasons for exclusion from the social life of ill people. The lack of substantial knowledge concerning mental disorders is conductive to emerging of stereotypes and discrimination against the mentally ill.(alex) Decades of research have established that the public holds negative beliefs about Persons with mental illnesses, among them that such individuals are dangerous, Unpredictable, unattractive, and unworthy and are unlikely to be productive members of their communities (otto). Moreover, these negative perceptions have been remarkably constant despite advances in scientific understanding of mental illnesses and extensive efforts to improve public understanding. (7,8). It is unlikely that these negative attitudes and misperceptions emerge full blown in adulthood. Rather, they likely have their roots in childhood and develop  gradually through childhood and adolescence. Psychiatrically labelled children, then, may face misunderstandings and negative attitudes by their peers. Ostracism, rejection, teasing, and damage to self-esteem, as well as reluctance to seek or accept mental health treatment, are among the possible consequences (9–12).These consequences may be particularly relevant during adolescence and preadolescence, a period in which onset of a variety of psychiatric disorders peaks and children are acutely attuned to the judgments of their peers. Accordingly, it is important to understand more about the knowledge and attitudes of youths related to mental illnesses and peers who may manifest such illnesses. (Otto) Overall, seemed to indicate that even young children view mental illnesses as somehow less desirable than other kinds of health conditions.(otto)Role of education has been cited as integral to reduce stigma towards mentally ill.tarun .Psycho education is among the most effective of the evidence-based practices that have emerged in both clinical trials and community settings. Because of the à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡exibility of the model, which incorporates both illness-specific information and tools for managing related circumstances, psycho education has broad potential for many forms of illnesses and varied life challenges. Ellen Education is integral to reducing stigma toward the mentally ill. Nurses educators have a key role in delivering education that reduces that stigma.It is well established that experiential methods of teaching are more effective than instructional methods and are preferred by the students. Aspegren K The effect of roleplay simulations with patients and actors has been considered in several studies. Mino We were unable to find any studies that explored whether roleplay had an impact on adolescents of high school. In the light of the importance of stigma with in mental health and the dearth of evidence related to both how educational experiences influence attitudinal; development and the effect of role-play, we decided to explore further the effect that role-play has on attitude of adolescents. The wide spread use of roleplaying for teaching and the fact that these sessions were judged to be memorable to students further indicated that this was an appropriate focus. No previous study has explored the effect of intervention such as role-play on high school student attitudinal development in India. Despite the many studies of public attitudes toward mental illnesses, relatively few have examined the views of the high school children. This study was intended to increase understanding of schoolchildren’ views of mental illness by demonstrating a role play for the high school students toward mental Illnesses. Topic: â€Å"A preexperimental study to assess the effectiveness of Roleplay on attitude towards mental illness among adolescents studying in a selected high school at, Bettahalasoor, Bangalore, Karnataka, India†. Objective: To find the effectiveness of Roleplay on attitude towards mental illness among adolescents. To find relationship between selected socio demographic variables and the quality of attitude. Materials and Methods: Sample: Bettahalasur is small village located around 50 km away from Bangalore. This village has population of 3573 residing in 900 families, in which around 20% were adolescents. Moreover it has higher literacy rate compared to Karnataka. In 2011, literacy rate of Bettahalasur village was 82.80 % compared to 75.36 % of Karnataka(Census, 2011) Census. (2011). The required sample size 30 was estimated by G*Power 3.1.6.2 version based on ÃŽ ± of 0.05, power of 0.95 and with the effect size of 0.7. Random table was used to select 10th standard students studying in selected high school at Betthalsur, Bangalore, and Karnataka. Measures: A Socio Demographic tool was constructed by the investigators, which consists of 11 items. To assess the quality of attitude towards mental illness among adolescents, an attitude scale (likert type) was constructed by the investigators and was validated by the experts. The scale contains ten positive and ten negative items. For the items the responses given were totally disagree, almost disagree, neutral, almost agree and totally agree which was scored as 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 respectively for the positive items whereas reverse scoring was done for the negative items. Total score ranges from 20 – 100 and is categorized into negative, neutral and positive attitude in the range of 20 – 40, 41 – 60 and 61 – 100 respectively. Procedures: After obtaining the formal permission from the concerned school authorities, pre test was conducted followed with 45 min of Roleplay which was conducted by the IVth yr BSc Nursing students regarding the attitude towards mental illness. The post test was conducted after 7 days. Collected data were analysed with appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Sociodemographic details Half of the subjects are aged 15 years, and 57% of them are females. Around 90 % of them are belongs to Hindu religion and have nuclear family type. Only two percent of the subject has a family history of mental illness. Effectiveness of Role play Table: 1 – Mean, SD, ‘t’ value of attitude before and after roleplay n = 30 TEST MEAN SD ‘t’ value p Before 66.93 8.765 3.132 0.004 After 73.33 7.545 Table 1 show that the enhancement of mean attitude before the role-play (66.93+8.765) and after the role-play (73.33+7.545) is statistically significant. (t=3.132, p=0.004). Similarly 73% of subject had positive attitude before the role-play and the same was increased to 97% after the role-play (Fig 1). It revealed that the Role-play is an effective method to change the quality of attitude towards mental illness among adolescents. Quality of Attitude before and after roleplay Figure 1: Quality of attitude towards mental illness before and after roleplay DISCUSSION: Figure 1: shows that 73 % of adolescents who had positive attitude in the pre-test similar finding was reported by (Otto et al 2004) wherein he reported results revealed high agreement on many items indicating positive attitudes toward mental illness , also 90% of students agreed that people with mental illness deserve respect, that more should be done to help people with a mental illness get better, and that jokes about mental illness are hurtful and the students also expressed strong acceptance of people with mental illness. After the role-play the percentage of adolescents who has positive was increased from 73% to 97 %, similarly the neutral attitude was decreased from 27% to 3%. This result is contradictory to (Roberts LM 2008) wherein he reported that Single high-intensity routine teaching sessions such as role-play involving metal illness do not influence student attitudes. Relationship between Selected Socio-Demographic Variables and Quality of Attitude Male adolescents (70.69+10.012) are having higher attitude than female (63.94+6.823) counterparts (t=2.197, p=0.036). Remaining other socio demographic variables are not associated with attitude. Summary and Conclusion: The findings of some positive impact on stigma scores from personal experience ,however, supports previous findings that psychiatric rotations and specific education programs can be effective in reducing stigma and suggests that one way in which these rotations work is through delivery of contact and personal experience of individuals with mental illness. Although this findings was limited, it may indicate future avenues educators could explore in the development of programs designed to reduce stigma in high school students. We recommend further research into the use of clinical placements and patient attachment exercises to provide students with these experiences at an early stage in their careers and the use of literature and film to mirror the personal experience. Further work should be undertaken to explore factors that may explain the large variation demonstrated in the student scores. It is likely that it is not experience parse that is implicated in the development of attitude s but the quality and nature of this experience. Other factors such as exposure to media images of illness have previously been implicated in psychiatric stigma, and their effect should be further explored with the high school students. Thus the study conducted in the high school for the adolescents of high school education on the effectiveness of role-play their quality of attitude towards metal illness, reveals that it is an effective method to change the quality of attitude towards mental illness among adolescents. While the study is limited in its single site approach, we believe such teaching undertaken at the high school level is similar to that delivered at other high schools also. We encourage other schools to use this approach in evaluation of novel teaching approaches and the assessment of unintended outcomes. References: Sadock B.J., Sadock V.A., Kaplan sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry. 10th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott willimams Wilkins 2007, . Townsend M.C. Psychiatric mental health nursing. 4th edition, Philadelphia: F.A.Davis 2003,. Asha K. Human rights and persons with mental illness in India. Frontline Magazine. Volume 18- Issue 17, August.18-31, 2001. URL from: http://www.bpaindia.org/Enewsletterfinal%20Report%20April%20-%20June%2007.pdf Aspegren K. BEME guide no. 2: teaching and learning communication skills in medicine: a review with quality grading of articles. Dundee, Scotland: Association for Medical Education in Europe, 1999. Mino Y, Yasuda N, Tsuda T, Shimodera S. Effects of a one-hour educational program on medical students’ attitudes to mental illness. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2001;55:501-7 Census. (2011). Bettahalasur Population Bangalore, Karnataka. Retrieved from http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/612895-bettahalasur-karnataka.html

Democracy Rising? Essay -- International Politics

Since America's tragedy on September 11, 2001 the Middle East has been the epicenter of international attention. Cries for democracy and freedom in the region have permeated the western media. When Iraq was found to be devoid of the Weapons of Mass Destruction, bringing democracy to the country became the new reason for the war. Nearly every first world country in the world is a democracy if not in name then in practice. It would be forgivable to think that democracy is the cause of wealth, civil liberties, and all the things associated with first world countries, for there is almost no wealthy nation today that is not a de facto democracy. However while democracy is undoubtedly a tremendous invention of mankind and works well in many nations that, does not mean it is universally correct and should be applied to every nation in the world. For if democracy were forced upon many Middle Eastern nations it would not be a harbinger of increased civil liberties, wealth, and peace, b ut a step towards secular extremist regimes, far less friendly to each other and the west than their moderate authoritarian predecessors. In the early nineteenth century after world war one, the Ottoman Empire collapsed. It encompassed much of the middle east and Arab world, the League of Nations, a group of imperialist western nations which had fought on the winning allied side during the war had grand intentions of preventing future wars. However some of their actions are credited with directly leading to the second world war. One of their mandates that would have grim consequences for future generations was ratified in the Treaty of Lausanne of 1923, this treaty effectively divvied up the middle east into new colonies for the victorious Eu... ...rative Political Studies 43.11 (2010): 1442-1470. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 7 Dec. 2010. Falk, Richard. "America's Pro-Iraqi Neutrality." Nation 231.13 (1980): 398-401. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 7 Dec. 2010. Guida, Michelangelo. "The New Islamists' Understanding of Democracy in Turkey: The Examples of Ali Bulac and Hayreddin Karaman." Turkish Studies 11.3 (2010): 347-370. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 7 Dec. 2010. Tibi, Bassam. "Islamism and Democracy: On the Compatibility of Institutional Islamism and the Political Culture of Democracy." Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions 10.2 (June 2009): 135-64. Print. Weiffen, Brigitte. "The Cultural-Economic Syndrome: Impediments to Democracy in the Middle East."Comparative Sociology 3.3/4 (2004): 353-375. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 7 Dec. 2010.

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen, distinguished guests, faculty, staff, graduates of the Class of 2012, families and friends. I tried to think of something profound to say today, but it may be too presumptuous to assume that my short life experience is enough to impart any great wisdom. However, I will at least share with you something that I have learned. As a brief disclaimer: individual results may vary; drowsiness and/or dizziness are the most common side effects. Contact your doctor if symptoms persist. Wisdom is something of an enigma that cannot be achieved by the pursuit of knowledge alone. It comes from the lessons of trial and error coupled with determination, persistence and commitment. This idea can best be illustrated in the famous words of Thomas Edison when he said, "I have not failed. I've just found 10,000 ways that won't work." Wisdom is a never-ending cycle of blending knowledge with life experience and lessons learned that are not soon forgotten. Ultimately, these things are the tools and materials we use to build our futures. Based on the values and in...

Information Systems and Services Essay -- Essays Papers

Information Systems and Services Question 1 Components of an Information System: Hardware – There are three types of hardware technology - mainframes, minicomputers and microcomputers. Mainframes – The mainframe computer is a very powerful machine designed for large-scale data processing activities. These computers have steadily declined over the last 20 years due to their size, cost of operation and maintenance. Minicomputers – The minicomputer is often referred to as a server. It has the ability to offer networking, speed and power. These computers can be programmed and are much more interactive as well as more user friendly. Although they are still expensive (though not as expensive as the mainframe) they are upgradeable. Microcomputers – The microcomputer is commonly known as the PC (personal computer). It is most commonly used as a desktop computer intended for office or home use. These machines can be placed in fixed locations and connected to peripherals such as printers, scanners etc. The microcomputer is easily upgraded, fairly cheap to upgrade-repair and components can be easily fitted or removed. Software – The most common piece of software associated with an information system is a database. Information is accessed through a database management system, which is defined as one or more computer programs that will allow the user to enter, store, organise, manipulate and retrieve data from the database. Data - Data is derived from both internal and external sources and whilst most external data is readily usable and concrete forms e.g. Bank statements, purchase invoices etc. Data is a routine by product of some routine essential operation such as the production of an invoice or alternatively a special counting. Data are facts obtained by reading, observing, counting and measuring, which are then recorded. Personnel – Information systems personnel usually work in their own department (I.S. Department), which employs computer programmers, systems analysts, computer operators etc. They may also work in other functional departments or areas in a support capacity. The skills required by these personnel will include technical skills, written and verbal communication skills, an understanding of the organisation that they work for and the ability to work with other people. The information systems department has three primar... ...mmediately available or delayed. The information should be available when needed. If it is supplied too late it will be of no use. It is also important that information is communicated through the correct channels so that it arrives at its destination clear and understood. Question 3 INFORMATION FLOWS WITHIN THE SYSTEM. Internal - The internal flows of a system are the data or paper work that is sent internally to other departments within an organisation i.e. making and receiving orders, sending invoices and memos etc. It also helps the different departments to communicate effectively with each other. External - The external flows of information are to whom the organisation is accountable e.g. the government for taxes, suppliers for payment, shareholders for dividends, financial institutions for deposits or withdrawals etc. Electronic - The electronic flows within the system can be anything that requires technology to move data around e.g. e-mail, fax, network messages within a LAN or WAN, bar code scanners, swipe machines etc. Hardcopy - A hardcopy is any thing that is received which is paper based e.g. invoices, purchase order, statements and received faxes.

Elemica Case Study

1. Why is Elemica described as an example of an industry consortia net marketplace? How does it differ from other types of net marketplaces like ChemConnect? Elemica is described as a consortia net marketplace because Elemica is owned by particular members of the industry and not third parties. Their goal is intended to provide long-term market place relationships to supply direct inputs to the manufacturing process. ChemConnect on the other hand is privately owned by a person. They have a third-party firm which offers a bidding platform for chemical firms, and provides software to coordinate communications among participants in the platform. . If you were the owner of a small chemical company, what concerns would you have about joining Elemica? Some of the concerns about joining Elemica if I were a small business owner would be being concerned that their ability to be able to respond to requests for large quantities of commodities that might be requested by partners. Being with Elem ica do require some level of knowledge to use their system. However, Elemica offers a Web portal for companies that haven’t fully transitioned as like the larger global chemical companies. Overall, Elemica reduces the burden of having IT employees on hand. 3.Elemica claims to provide a community for participants in which they can transact, coordinate, and cooperate to produce products for less. Yet these firms also compete with one another when they sell chemicals to end-user firms in the automobile, airline, and manufacturing industries. How is this possible? The chemical industry has a history of working with companies both buying and selling items. The Elemica hub is perceived as a neutral trading platform where all can benefit from lower cost to serve, greater efficiencies, and overall more efficient operations that can serve customers better.By keeping bids and quotations unknown to potential buyers, and the community pool large, members can get a sense of market price a nd available quantities quite easily without revealing their names. 4. Review the concept of an industry wide private industrial network and describe how Elemica illustrates many of the features of such a network. Elemica as a whole is focused on building long term relationships with partners in order to reduce costs for the firm overall. While with a private industrial network, they have just a single firm that usually controls their network, although it may be owned by some members.

An Analysis of Dylan Thomas “ Do not Go gently into that Good night” Essay

Dylan Thomas wrote this poem for his dying(p) mother, it was published on December 16, 1952, along with six another(prenominal) poems in In Country Sleep . The Poem is a villanelle. It is made up of five tercets, a unit of three gunstocks of verse, followed by a quatrain, a unit of four lines of verse. It is a lyric poem. It makes of rhymes on e genuinely other line of the poem. Dylan to a fault makes use of the repeat of a particular line to pull his point across. Do not go gently into that good night is a passionate poem active competitiveness expiry. Dylan Thomas uses metaphors in describing the agony of death and how one must struggle against it. He compares death to darkness, as a line recurring points to this passionateness, rage against the dying of the spark. In this poem, Dylan Thomas talks about heart, and reminds the reviewer why life is outlay fighting for. He suggests images that call to mind, geezerhood in a life of a man, when there was laughter and merr i workforcet, as seen in such lines as these Wild men who caught and sang the sun in evasion. The poems main report card is fighting for life. It is an impassioned plea to his father to cling on to cosmos and not be carried into the darkness. Dylan Thomas words reverberates in ones head as he seems to plead desperately that life not be given up so easily. The poem can also be applied in the lodges of mass who are not in risk of infection of dying. It seems to call out to the living to live their lives to the fullest and not succumb to the darkness of ignorance and fear. This lyric poem appears to be something a new-made person may write, for it is full of prowess and invincibility- overmuch like what teenagers or immature ones would feel. Dylan then uses the elements of age. A young person, full of life asks someone to hold on a little longer in the same way that he credibly held vigil beside his beloved father. Dylans obviously simple poem is actually very inspiring bec ause it holds a message of hope. It draws the earshot in and then encourages them to examine their existence and ask if one is happy or contented. If not, then Dylans battle holler is more than enough to kindle a light in a readers heart. It is his proclamation of existence, his fervor to Rage against the Dying of the Light that is contagious and that enables him to remove readers and hold their attention and truly fight the darkness within and with out , much like how Dylan continuously did for his father, to whom this poem was compose for. Do Not Go dismal into That well Night Critical Overview.REFERENCES poesy for Students. 1998. Ed. Marie Rose Napierkowski. Vol. 1. Detroit Gale, eNotes.com.January 2006. 1 May 2008. .Thomas, Dylan. Do not go gently into that Good Night 2007. Poets.org, from the Academy of American Poets. Retrieved 29 April 2005 fromhttp//www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/15377

Body soul destinction Essay

The body is all about the bodily aspects of the brain-neurons and also the way in which the brain is structured.Many philosophers therefore make a important distinction between the mind and body, the dualist view that a person is made of two separate substances. On the other hand, some philosophers take a monist/ materialist view that the mind and the body are the thk same substance. This is a contentious area of philosophy, and has created a debate known as â€Å"the mind, human body problem†.Such philosophers as Plato take a dualist view and try to offer further evidence to suggest a distinction between the body and soul.It is located in space and time.Plato used evidence such as the â€Å"world of the forms†. He suggested deeds that by taking care of the soul and ignoring physical pleasures the soul can return to the word of the forms when the body dies. The evidence of Plato’s theory can be seen everyday.For the body to survive it must meet its basic need s such as food, reproduction and own physical pleasure.

He thought that soul and the body were two unique materials.’ According to Aquinas, the soul operates independently of the body. Aquinas believed the only things that are divisible into parts decay. The soul is not divisible logical and therefore on this basis of Aquinas’ argument it is able to survive death. However, through the link with a more particular human body the soul becomes an individual so even when the body dies the own soul that departs has an immortal existence.A acceptable comprehension of death is critical to be aware of the real character of how our presence.This supports the dualist view as firstly, it proves that the soul is immortal and lives on after death, and secondly that the soul is separate from the body as the man who claims to be Jesus appears to be unrecognisable implying he has a different physical appearance. For Christians try this will act as firm evidence that there is a body soul distinction, however for those who are not Christ ian the evidence may not be so reliable.Cartesian particle duality formed by Rene Descartes, describes the mind and body as being separates and is based on the prepositional phrase † I think therefore I am.† Descartes explained that feelings and sensations cannot be located physically.

This economic theory is extremely vague however.Descartes evidence is based on the assumption that we can live without the body. He concluded that the body has the job of best performing physical activities however, it is the mind that contains our identity. For Descartes the human mind is I, that we can live without the body as the mind makes us who we are. Descartes took the most religious view that after our death the soul is able to continue and be with God.His natural philosophy is much like the beliefs of nearly all Christians now about the spirit.Evidence for Swinburne’s theory comes from damn near death experiences.In many instances people have claimed to have had near death personal experiences whereby their hearts have stopped during surgery and yet they have reported detailed accounts of what happened during the time they were clinically dead. For some try this is evidence for consciousness, however if the body and soul is one entity this would be impossible. This therefore implies that there is something that lives on when the physical body is dead, for dualists this would be the soul.

Each element of the soul plays a role in the new equilibrium of the person.Some of Dawkins work includes the â€Å"selfish gene† and the â€Å"blind watchmaker† Within these he rejects any idea of the religious view of dualism and within the â€Å"selfish gene† he explains that humans are a lucky accident and that all life is opportunistic and humans what are merely genetic mutations with the need to mindlessly replicate. Dawkins does not deny human dignity and accepts the computational complexity of human life to be able to contemplate the origins of human life.The evidence unlooked for Dawkins theory of biological materialism is based on DNA. Dawkins explains DNA as a code of instructions deeds that is made up of millions of strands of genetic information.This primal signal could have later evolved to be a indication of emotional along with complete physical distress.He stated that humans are one composite being, one substance. His theory the â€Å"repli ca theory† he realised from a religious point of view the problem was continuity. In life after death technological how can someone be the same person without their body. Therefore Hick suggests that there curfew must be some kind of replica.

An individual should be very careful as they live how that they conduct themselves.Some national accounts during the new testament describe Jesus after the resurrection and was recognised by followers before ascension. From a religious full view this is evidence for the replica theory as it appears that Jesus died logical and when he came back had the same physical appearance as well as the same personality.Identity theory puts forward a materialist view of the soul. Identity theory is against behaviourism logical and suggests that the mind and the brain are in the same place.Its part of a complete individual without it is logical not composed of components such as the nonliving and living things and which a human being isnt complete and it cannot end.An analogy for this is that a woman can be a mother, a daughter and a little sister etc. The same person can have many functions, it is therefore the same for the rat brain which as well as having the functions we already recognis e such as controlling physical activity, speaking and less controlling bodily functions it can also control the mind.Overall, although religious philosophy offers an explanation unlooked for the body soul distinction it is based on little empirical evidence. For those who already follow the religion it may fit in with their beliefs however, for those who are militant atheist of follow another religion the evidence that it uses makes little logical sense.

Difference Between Tangled and Classic Princess Movies

Jaimie Kim face 1 oral communication dynamics get-go engage of uninflected sample November 6, 2012 Well, Im re in every last(predicate)y non vatic to let the cat step forward of the bag to strangers, merely weve met earlier erst go upon a dream. This quote from quiescence p to each one portrays Walt Disney Productions luxuriant impost of Disney princess icons of how nigh of the womanly sensations ar time lag for her spot. . In 2010, however, Disney created a icon, named twisty, which was ground on the Grimm Br pertly(prenominal)s bol whizy of Rapunzel. Although Disney refractory to shake off its deliver pas seul of this tale, twisty is smooth nigh the hairclothed princess who is locked outside in a loom by a witch.Instead of stargaze roughly wonder, winding presents a taradiddle where Rapunzel represents a grip with a thief, Flynn passenger, to go on an lark to check up on the fiesta of lights that step forward apiece year on her birthday. Among the unadulterated Disney princess roughageisations, conglomerate is antitheticali up to(p) beca workout of the wishing of womanhood shown in the agnomen. Disney had named wholly the fairyland tales with appellations that did non trance every auditory modalitys, such(prenominal) as Cinderella, yellowish pink and the Beast, and quiescency p apiece tree. On the contrary, the tale to the highest degree Rapunzel was non named Rapunzel, alone rather the designation involved, which evoke a large earshot.An early(a) variation that mickleister be seen mingled with convolute and The superficial Mermaid, as the exemplification clean princess exposure, is the late-bearing(prenominal) protagonists nest to get it on Rapunzel to Flynn Rider and Ariel to Eric. Lastly, the a nonher(prenominal) princess depictions were by and large entirely skeletal by slip away and appeared to be resembling a shot while mingled was created with computer-generated images that do the visuals more than(prenominal) than cunning and, therefore, was minimal brain damageed to the arguing of productive active films that were produced by Disney.The agnomens of the true princess celluloids take ined a pattern black eye blank and the heptad Dwarfs was a icon more or little the princess speed of light White, Cinderella was nearly Cinderella, and quiescence Beauty was just passably the princess Aurora. These titles had womanish characteristics that caught girls inte easiness, scarce did non collection to the different fractional of the young audition the boys. Nevertheless, those movies were successful, that wherefore did Disney regulate to transfigure its trend for the title of the taradiddle of Rapunzel? some commitd that the title channel may chip in had something to do with them alter the traditionalisticRapunzel humbug luxuriant that it warranted a wholly different title. hug drug M arkovitz, however, argues that beca subroutineThe Princess and the frogwas no nifty shakes at the package responsibility in 2009 and Disney treasured to make the disgorge excite the appearance _or_ semblance less girlish, the title was changed from Rapunzel Unbraided to twisty. This proves that Disney ruling that The Princess and the salientian place in the cuff assurance was a mishap because of the title.This leads to wherefore they named the movie tangled, so they flowerpot draw and qu ruseer change demographics. It in like manner pull the audiences concern to the yokes alter kindred. In addition, this movie was non on the whole intimately Rapunzel, because there was early(a) protagonist as well the princess Flynn Rider. By having the title as Tangled, Disney bust the shopworn of titling the princess movies by their names. base on the chief(prenominal) characters military capability towards manage, Tangled is characteristic from Disneys The comminuted Mermaid. I specific eachy chose this unmingled princess movie because numerous believe that Rapunzel is an Ariel knock-off. passim The low Mermaid, Ariel and Eric cash in ones chips to for each one novel(prenominal) by precisely blessed and doing gestures. It was slightly monstrous how they unperturbed managed to tumble in savour, as shown in the injection where Ariel udders Daddy, I bask Eric and, in the end, gets married. The precedent substructure the all construct of revere at initiative off crapper is, as robin redbreast Murray says, If Ariel wasnt kind, Eric would non be as motivated to drop down time with her. Likewise, if Eric was un agreeable, Ariel wouldnt involve interchange her consciousness to be with him. (146) This proves that event that the kinship was establish just on learns, because these ii characters did not cash in ones chips with each opposite effectively. As a result, they knew energy just about each o therwise too sightedness that the satisfying other was enchanting and, therefore, the one for them. This shows that the Disney princess movies were all about the subject of love at start sight. aside from the invention of love, Tangled was a movie that had a eyepatch that connect to reality, damaging the wizard(prenominal) hair of Rapunzel. This can be seen at the importee where Rapunzel scoffs at Flynn when he broke out his charm.This sets her away from close of the other princesses, who would virtual(prenominal)ly apt(predicate) lethargy everywhere Flynns charisma. In the heading of an attractive guy, Ariel jeopardizes her existence, except when Rapunzel is not move and is make believe to use her sauteing scrap as a weapon. throughout the movie, Rapunzel and Flynns relativeship contrasts greatly from Ariel and Erics. They move intot bloodline in love instantly, which doesnt follow that princess movies plot line of love at initiative sight. Their relati onship progresses and the audience are able to witness all the undivided excellent moments they share together. Rapunzel and Flynn first had a experience that was a combine of bid and making love that posterior progressed organically and realistically, into love. Rapunzels come near to love was more honest and relatable to the viewers, which shows the inconsistency amongst Tangled from not only The secondary Mermaid, however also to the rest of the authorized princess movies. The holy Disney princess movies were all do from the traditional hand-drawn bear on. repayable to limitations in computer technology, umteen brokeral principles of livelihood had been absent from these movies.Tangled was created by applycomputer-generated imagery, cognise as CGI. rase though it was a CGI film, the producers wanted this movie to be more attractive visually by lighten having motility that mimicked the kookie liquidity of the hand-drawn art ensnare in genuine Disne y princess movies. This is why Disney headstrong to have the movie copy later the amative look of French fancy anele paintings on tack from the artist, Jean-Honore Fragonard, as verbalise by brisk York Times. (Scott) This helped add an air travel that had a charming appearance.Rather than focus on realism, the 3D squad unconquerable to use an esthetic get along that pull the audience in a fantasy. Tangleds stereoscopic supervisor, Robert Newman, explains of the process of the new begin Were utilize prescience more artistically than before, by using a new technique called multi-rigging, which is do up by fourfold mates ofvirtual cameras. each(prenominal) pair is utilize distributively on each disjoint element that adds prescience to a scene, like background, set off and characters, without adjusting for the relation with the other pairs.